Poor diet associated with increased diabetes risk across all gradients
of genetic risk
A poor diet, irrespective of genetic risk factors, is associated with a
30 percent increased risk of diabetes

Date:
April 26, 2022
Source:
PLOS
Summary:
Genetic risk factors and diet quality are independently associated
with type 2 diabetes; a healthy diet is linked to lower diabetes
risk across all levels of genetic risk. That's the conclusion of
a study of more than 35,000 U.S. adults.



FULL STORY ========================================================================== Genetic risk factors and diet quality are independently associated with
type 2 diabetes; a healthy diet is linked to lower diabetes risk across
all levels of genetic risk. That's the conclusion of a study of more than 35,000 US adults publishing April 26 in PLOS Medicineby Jordi Merino of Massachusetts General Hospital, US, and colleagues.


==========================================================================
Both genetic and lifestyle factors are known to contribute to individual susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have shown that
adherence to a healthy lifestyle is associated with reduced risk of type
2 diabetes across genetic profiles, but whether genetic profiles, in part, interact with lifestyle factors was unclear. In the new study, researchers analyzed data from three extensive cohort studies, including 35,759
U.S. health professionals followed for 902,386 person-years of follow-up.

The team found that, irrespective of genetic risk, a low diet quality,
as compared to high diet quality, was associated with a 30% increased
risk of type 2 diabetes (Pinteraction=0.69). The relative risk of type
2 diabetes was 1.29 (95% CI 1.25-1.32, P<0.001) per standard deviation
increase in the global polygenic score -- one measure of genetic risk
-- and was 1.13 (1.09-1.17, P<0.001) per 10-unit decrease in Alternate
Healthy Eating Index, a measure of diet quality. The joint association
of low diet quality and increased genetic risk was similar to the sum of
the risk for each factor alone (Pinteraction =0.30), further supporting independent associations. That said, one limitation of the study was that
the cohort sampling might not necessarily generalize to other populations.

Merino adds, "This study provided evidence that the risk of type 2
diabetes attributed to increased genetic risk and low diet quality is
similar to the sum of the risks associated with each factor alone. Such knowledge could serve to inform and design future strategies to advance
the prevention of diabetes."

========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by PLOS. Note: Content may be edited
for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Jordi Merino, Marta Guasch-Ferre', Jun Li, Wonil Chung, Yang Hu,
Baoshan
Ma, Yanping Li, Jae H. Kang, Peter Kraft, Liming Liang, Qi Sun,
Paul W.

Franks, JoAnn E. Manson, Walter C. Willet, Jose C. Florez, Frank
B. Hu.

Polygenic scores, diet quality, and type 2 diabetes risk: An
observational study among 35,759 adults from 3 US cohorts. PLOS
Medicine, 2022; 19 (4): e1003972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003972 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/04/220426153624.htm

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