Scientists have full state of a quantum liquid down cold
New research, using ultracold atoms, reveals particular properties of
quantum systems

Date:
April 24, 2023
Source:
New York University
Summary:
A team of physicists has illuminated certain properties of quantum
systems by observing how their fluctuations spread over time. The
research offers an intricate understanding of a complex phenomenon
that is foundational to quantum computing.


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FULL STORY ==========================================================================
A team of physicists has illuminated certain properties of quantum systems
by observing how their fluctuations spread over time. The research offers
an intricate understanding of a complex phenomenon that is foundational
to quantum computing -- a method that can perform certain calculations significantly more efficiently than conventional computing.

"In an era of quantum computing it's vital to generate a precise characterization of the systems we are building," explains Dries Sels, an assistant professor in New York University's Department of Physics and an author of the paper, which appears in the journal Nature Physics. "This
work reconstructs the full state of a quantum liquid, consistent with
the predictions of a quantum field theory -- similar to those that
describe the fundamental particles in our universe." Sels adds that
the breakthrough offers promise for technological advancement.

"Quantum computing relies on the ability to generate entanglement
between different subsystems, and that's exactly what we can probe with
our method," he notes. "The ability to do such precise characterization
could also lead to better quantum sensors -- another application area of quantum technologies." The research team, which included scientists from Vienna University of Technology, ETH Zurich, Free University of Berlin,
and the Max-Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, performed a tomography
of a quantum system -- the reconstruction of a specific quantum state
with the aim of seeking experimental evidence of a theory.

The studied quantum system consisted of ultracold atoms -- slow-moving
atoms that make the movement easier to analyze because of their near-zero temperature -- trapped on an atom chip.

In their work, the scientists created two "copies" of this quantum system
- - cigar-shaped clouds of atoms that evolve over time without influencing
each other. At different stages of this process, the team performed a
series of experiments that revealed the two copies' correlations.

"By constructing an entire history of these correlations, we can
infer what is the initial quantum state of the system and extract
its properties," explains Sels. "Initially, we have a very strongly
coupled quantum liquid, which we split into two so that it evolves as
two independent liquids, and then we recombine it to reveal the ripples
that are in the liquid.

"It's like watching the ripples in a pond after throwing a rock in
it and inferring the properties of the rock, such as its size, shape,
and weight." This research was supported by grants from the Air Force
Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-21-1-0236) and the U.S. Army
Research Office (W911NF-20-1- 0163) as well as the Austrian Science Fund
(FWF) and the German Research Research Foundation (DRG).

* RELATED_TOPICS
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# Physics # Quantum_Physics # Quantum_Computing #
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========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by New_York_University. Note: Content
may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Mohammadamin Tajik, Ivan Kukuljan, Spyros Sotiriadis, Bernhard
Rauer,
Thomas Schweigler, Federica Cataldini, Joa~o Sabino, Frederik
Mo/ller, Philipp Schu"ttelkopf, Si-Cong Ji, Dries Sels, Eugene
Demler, Jo"rg Schmiedmayer. Verification of the area law of mutual
information in a quantum field simulator. Nature Physics, 2023;
DOI: 10.1038/s41567-023- 02027-1 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/04/230424133553.htm

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